電鍍(du)金使用的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)真金,但是(shi)(shi)它是(shi)(shi)以離子形式(shi)存在(zai)于電解液中的(de)(de)。以下是(shi)(shi)對這個問(wen)題的(de)(de)詳細介紹:
1.?真金(jin)(jin)的含(han)義:在我們(men)(men)日常(chang)(chang)生活(huo)中,我們(men)(men)通常(chang)(chang)把純度為99.9%的金(jin)(jin)稱(cheng)為真金(jin)(jin)。在電(dian)鍍金(jin)(jin)過(guo)程中,我們(men)(men)使用的金(jin)(jin)也是(shi)(shi)真金(jin)(jin),但是(shi)(shi)它不(bu)是(shi)(shi)以金(jin)(jin)塊(kuai)或金(jin)(jin)粉(fen)的形(xing)式存(cun)在,而是(shi)(shi)以金(jin)(jin)離(li)子的形(xing)式存(cun)在于電(dian)解液中。
2.?金(jin)(jin)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)形成(cheng):在電鍍金(jin)(jin)過(guo)程中,我們首先需(xu)要(yao)(yao)把(ba)真(zhen)金(jin)(jin)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解在適當的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中,形成(cheng)含(han)有金(jin)(jin)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液。這個(ge)過(guo)程通常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在高溫(wen)下進行,并(bing)且需(xu)要(yao)(yao)添加適量的(de)(de)酸來(lai)幫助金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解。這個(ge)過(guo)程中,真(zhen)金(jin)(jin)被氧化為金(jin)(jin)離(li)子(zi),進入(ru)到(dao)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液中。
3.?電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng):在電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,含有(you)金(jin)(jin)離子的(de)溶液被用作電(dian)(dian)解液。當電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)解液時,金(jin)(jin)離子會在陰(yin)極(ji)(即(ji)需要電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)的(de)物(wu)體表(biao)面)上還原(yuan)為金(jin)(jin)原(yuan)子,形成(cheng)金(jin)(jin)層。這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)金(jin)(jin)的(de)基本原(yuan)理。
4.?金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)層(ceng)的性(xing)(xing)質(zhi):電鍍出(chu)來的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)層(ceng)是(shi)真金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),它(ta)的純(chun)(chun)度和電解液中金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)離子(zi)的純(chun)(chun)度是(shi)一樣的。因此,通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電解液中金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)離子(zi)的純(chun)(chun)度,我們可以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電鍍出(chu)來的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)層(ceng)的純(chun)(chun)度。電鍍出(chu)來的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)層(ceng)具有真金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的所有性(xing)(xing)質(zhi),包(bao)括良好(hao)的導(dao)電性(xing)(xing)、抗腐蝕性(xing)(xing)和美觀性(xing)(xing)。
5.?金(jin)的(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收:在(zai)電(dian)鍍(du)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)果電(dian)解液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)金(jin)離子(zi)(zi)被用完,我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)添加新的(de)(de)真金(jin)來(lai)補充(chong)金(jin)離子(zi)(zi)。同時(shi),電(dian)鍍(du)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)產生的(de)(de)廢(fei)液(ye)也含有金(jin)離子(zi)(zi),這部(bu)分金(jin)離子(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)化學方法回(hui)(hui)收,再次用于(yu)電(dian)鍍(du)。
總的(de)來說,電(dian)鍍(du)(du)金(jin)(jin)使用(yong)的(de)是(shi)真金(jin)(jin),但是(shi)它(ta)是(shi)以離子(zi)形式存在(zai)于電(dian)解液中的(de)。通(tong)過電(dian)鍍(du)(du)過程,我(wo)們可(ke)以在(zai)物體表面形成一(yi)層真金(jin)(jin)的(de)金(jin)(jin)層,提(ti)高(gao)物體的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)、抗腐(fu)蝕性(xing)和美(mei)觀性(xing)。同時,電(dian)鍍(du)(du)過程中使用(yong)的(de)金(jin)(jin)可(ke)以通(tong)過回(hui)收(shou)再次(ci)使用(yong),實現金(jin)(jin)的(de)循環利用(yong)。